What Punjab left in Delhi

ਦਿੱਲੀ

Four sites in Delhi hold Punjabi history that Delhi itself does not teach. Sis Ganj on Chandni Chowk marks where Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji was executed on 11 November 1675, having gone to the Mughal court on behalf of Kashmiri Pandits who were being forced to convert. Rakab Ganj marks where Lakhi Shah Vanjara burned his own house down over the body so the cremation would pass as an ordinary fire.

Bhai Jaita Ji carried the head north to Anandpur. He was given the name Bhai Jiwan Singh Ji and the words Rangretta Guru ka beta, and he died at Chamkaur in 1704.

Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Ji was brought to Delhi in a cage in 1716 with several hundred of his men. They were executed at the rate of about a hundred a day in the open ground opposite the Kotwali in Chandni Chowk, over about a week. Contemporary European observers at the court wrote that not one accepted the offer of life in exchange for conversion.

In March 1783 a Sikh force under Baghel Singh entered Delhi and held the Red Fort area. The settlement negotiated with Shah Alam II gave the Sikhs the right to build gurdwaras at the sites of the executions and a share of the city's octroi. Seven gurdwaras were raised in about eight months and the force withdrew. This is the only occasion on which the Khalsa held Delhi.

In the first days of November 1984, after the assassination of Indira Gandhi, organised mobs killed Sikhs across Delhi. Official figures put the dead at just under three thousand. Convictions have been few and slow. Colonies built for the widows still stand in the west of the city.

Delhi is where Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji was executed, where Guru Har Krishan Ji died, where Banda Singh Bahadur Ji was executed, and where Baghel Singh held the city in 1783.

It is also where the Punjabi refugee population of 1947 rebuilt the city, where the killings of November 1984 happened, and where the farm protest camped for thirteen months.

No other city outside Punjab carries as much of the Punjabi record. Almost none of it is marked as such, and the city's account of itself does not include most of it.

What we don't know

  • The number executed with Banda Singh Bahadur Ji. Figures given run from 700 to 900.
  • The exact terms Baghel Singh agreed to in 1783.
  • A full and agreed count of the dead in 1984.

Where to check this

  1. Hari Ram Gupta, History of the Sikhs, on Baghel Singh and 1783. Hari Ram Gupta, History of the Sikhs (Internet Archive) ↗
  2. Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee site histories. Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee ↗
  3. Justice Nanavati Commission report, 2005. Justice G. T. Nanavati Commission of Inquiry report, 2005 (Internet Archive) ↗

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 130 accounts in The Ten, the chapter of this site covering the Gurus, from 1469 to 1708.