Eighty-four steps

ਗੋਇੰਦਵਾਲ

Guru Amar Das Ji built a baoli, a stepwell, at Goindwal on the Beas, with 84 steps.

It was a deliberate act of centre-building. The Guru was drawing the early Sikh community away from Hindu tirath sites by giving it a pilgrimage place of its own.

Goindwal predates Amritsar as the Sikh centre.

The baoli descends eighty-four steps, and the number is doctrinal rather than structural: eighty-four lakh is the traditional count of the forms of existence a soul passes through. Reciting the Japji on each step is a practice attached to the site and it is not prescribed anywhere in the Rehat Maryada.

Goindwal sits on the Beas at a ford, which is why it was built there. It was a crossing on the road between Lahore and Delhi, and the sangat coming from either direction had to pass it. Guru Amar Das Ji chose an existing traffic point rather than a retreat, which is the same logic Guru Ram Das Ji applied at Amritsar a generation later.

The town also holds the Goindwal pothis tradition, the earliest Sikh manuscripts, compiled here before the Adi Granth of 1604. Two are held privately by descendants and are seen by almost nobody. Goindwal is therefore the origin point of the Sikh scripture as a written object, and there is nothing on the ground to say so.

What we don't know

  • The exact construction dates.
  • Whether any fabric of the sixteenth-century town survives beyond the baoli itself.

Where to check this

Named but not linked. These are real, findable documents. This project has not consulted them for this page.

  • Wikipedia entry on Goindwal.
  • SikhDharma, on the 84 steps.

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 122 accounts in Under the Company, the chapter of this site covering British Punjab, from annexation to the canal colonies.