Peshawar was annexed by the Sikh state in 1834, giving the Khalsa the Khyber for the first time in centuries. It marks the furthest western extent of the empire.
The trans-Indus districts were separated from Punjab in 1901 to form the North-West Frontier Province.
Ranjit Singh Ji's state took Peshawar in 1834 and held it until 1849, with Hari Singh Nalwa and then Paolo Avitabile as governors, and the frontier was pushed to Jamrud at the mouth of the Khyber.
The city was Punjabi-administered for fifteen years and had a substantial Hindu and Sikh trading population until 1947. Prithviraj Kapoor and Dilip Kumar were both from Peshawar, and a large part of Hindi cinema's founding generation came from it.
It is now the capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the Sikh community there, largely Pashto-speaking, is small.
Peshawar was the Durrani winter capital before the Sikhs took it, and the city the Khalsa entered had been Afghan for eighty years and Mughal for two centuries before that. Taking it reversed the direction of every invasion of India since Mahmud, which is why it appears in Sikh accounts out of all proportion to what it was worth to hold.
The Sikh administration of the trans-Indus country was expensive and never secure. It was held by garrisons and by payments to the tribes rather than by settled revenue.
The Sikh and Hindu population of the city was substantial into the twentieth century and a small Sikh community remains, much of it displaced from the tribal districts since 2000.