Dhadi and kavishri

A dhadi jatha is two dhad players and a sarangi. They sing vaars, ballads of martyrdom, and the form is institutionally tied to the Akal Takht, where Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji is held to have first had dhadis perform.

In 2020 dhadis were barred from performing at the Takht after criticising the SGPC, which tells you the form is still doing the job it was created for.

Kavishri is the harder and rarer form: unaccompanied, rhythmic, declaimed rather than sung. Karnail Singh Paras, born 28 June 1916, died 28 February 2009, held the Sharomani Kavishar Award for 1980-81, cut around twenty records after a first All India Radio broadcast in 1954, and wrote for the Maan brothers.

The scholarly work is Hardial Thuhi's, in the Journal of Punjab Studies. Most of the rest of it is in Punjabi and has never been digitised.

The vaar is a heroic form and the dhadi's material is battle: Chamkaur, Muktsar, the eighteenth century, and in the twentieth century the Ghadar and the Akali morchas.

Dhadi jathas have been employed by the SGPC and by political parties, and the form has been political for as long as it has existed. That is why the 2020 bar mattered.

Recordings exist on cassette and on regional labels and almost none of it has been catalogued. The performers of the mid twentieth century are mostly unrecorded.

What we don't know

  • Karnail Singh Paras's birth village. Wikipedia gives Mehraj, then Firozpur and now Bathinda district, but he is universally known as Paras Ramuwalia and the annual mela is held at Ramuwala Nawan in Moga. Both are probably true and it wants resolving.

Where to check this

Named but not linked. These are real, findable documents. This project has not consulted them for this page.

  • Journal of Punjab Studies, Hardial Thuhi on the folk dhadi genre.
  • Wikipedia entries on Dhadi and Kavishari.

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 122 accounts in Under the Company, the chapter of this site covering British Punjab, from annexation to the canal colonies.