The dharamsala

Before a village had a gurdwara it had a dharamsala: a room or a walled yard kept for travellers, for reading, and for the sangat to sit in. Guru Nanak Dev Ji's own sangats met in dharamsalas and the word is the older one.

It served as guest house, school, meeting hall and place of worship at once. A traveller could sleep in it without asking anyone.

The change from dharamsala to gurdwara, with a Guru Granth Sahib Ji installed and the building given over to that, happened at different times in different villages and largely under the Singh Sabha reform from the 1880s.

In many villages the old dharamsala building still stands beside the new gurdwara and is used for storage.

Where a village has more than one gurdwara, the reason is almost always caste. That is a plain fact about rural Punjab and it is stated on this site because leaving it out would make everything else here less true.

The dharamsala was the village's public building before the gurdwara took the name and the function: a place for travellers to sleep, for the sangat to meet, and for the village to gather.

The word is still used in the Malwa for a gurdwara and in the hills for a rest house, which is where the town of that name gets its own.

Every village had one. What it was for is now split between the gurdwara, the panchayat ghar and the marriage palace on the bypass.

What we don't know

  • How many Punjab villages have separate gurdwaras by caste. No survey has been published.

Where to check this

Named but not linked. These are real, findable documents. This project has not consulted them for this page.

  • Academic work on caste and gurdwara organisation in Punjab villages.

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 120 accounts in The Village Itself, the chapter of this site covering how a Punjabi village works and what it holds.