Gopi Chand Bhargava and the first years

Gopi Chand Bhargava was a doctor who became the first Chief Minister of East Punjab in 1947, taking office as four and a half million refugees arrived in a province that had lost its capital, its records and half its territory.

The government operated first from Shimla and then from Jalandhar, before Chandigarh was built.

The tasks of those two years were the reception and resettlement of the refugees, the land resettlement scheme designed by Tarlok Singh, the reconstruction of an administration from an office that had been split in Lahore, and the maintenance of order.

It is generally regarded as having worked, which given the circumstances is remarkable and is almost never remarked on.

He was Chief Minister three times, in 1947, 1949 and 1964.

The administrative history of East Punjab between 1947 and 1952 has not been written, and the people who could have written it are gone.

He was the first chief minister of East Punjab and held the office three times, through the resettlement period when the state's whole administration had to be rebuilt.

The problem he inherited was placing several million people on land vacated by several million others. The allotment system built for it, with its graded cuts, is one of the largest land transfers ever administered anywhere.

The temporary capital was at Simla and then Jalandhar until Chandigarh was ready. Almost nothing has been written about how the administration of those years actually worked.

What we don't know

  • The administrative record of the rehabilitation, which exists in the Punjab archives and has not been worked through.

Where to check this

  1. Punjab government records for the rehabilitation period. Government of Punjab ↗

Named but not linked. These are real, findable documents. This project has not consulted them for this page.

  • Tarlok Singh, Land Resettlement Manual.

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 69 accounts in The Crossing, the chapter of this site covering 1947 and what it did.