Khatri surnames include Kapoor, Khanna, Malhotra, Mehra, Chopra, Sethi, Tandon, Bedi, Sodhi, Trehan, Bhalla, Puri, Talwar, Anand, Nanda, Sahni and Kohli.
Bedi, Sodhi, Trehan and Bhalla are the four Khatri subgroups from which the Gurus came: Guru Nanak Dev Ji was a Bedi, Guru Angad Dev Ji a Trehan, Guru Amar Das Ji a Bhalla, and the remaining seven Gurus were Sodhis.
Arora surnames include Arora, Chawla, Bhatia, Gaba, Wadhwa, Nagpal, Narula, Sachdeva, Chhabra and Ahuja.
These were the trading, banking and clerical communities of Punjab and were concentrated in the towns, particularly in west Punjab, which is why almost all of them moved to India in 1947.
A very large share of Indian business, cinema and public life carries these names, and almost all of those families were refugees in 1947 or descend from ones who were.
The names are a map of an urban Punjab that no longer exists on the ground it grew in.
The Khatri subgroups were ranked among themselves, in a hierarchy that governed who could marry whom and which was the source of long arguments inside the community.
The Arora communities were concentrated further west and south, in Multan, Dera Ismail Khan, Sindh and the Derajat, and their trade ran along the Indus routes.
The names travelled with the trade before 1947 and with the refugees after it. A Kapoor in Bombay, a Chawla in Nairobi and a Sethi in London all carry a Punjabi town's commercial history in the name.