Every Punjab cantonment has a European cemetery: Ferozepur, Ludhiana, Ambala, Jalandhar, Amritsar, and the large ones at Lahore and Rawalpindi.
They hold the dead of the Anglo-Sikh wars, of 1857, of the cholera and fever seasons, and of the ordinary attrition of a garrison. Children's graves are a large proportion.
The Ferozepur cemetery holds men killed at Mudki, Ferozeshah, Aliwal and Sobraon, which makes it the principal surviving physical record of the First Anglo-Sikh War on either side, since the battlefields themselves are unmarked.
Jean-Francois Allard, Ranjit Singh Ji's French general, is buried at Lahore in the garden of his own house beside his daughter.
Most of these cemeteries are overgrown, encroached or vandalised. Some are maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission where war graves are present, and the older civilian sections are not.
They are the only place in Punjab where the losing side of a battle is individually named, which makes them a historical source, whatever one thinks of the people in them.
The military and civil cemeteries at Ferozepur, Ludhiana, Ambala, Jalandhar and elsewhere hold the graves of the British garrison population and of the Anglo-Sikh war dead.
Their registers, where they survive, record deaths by disease in enormous proportion to deaths in action, which is the actual arithmetic of a nineteenth century cantonment.
Most are neglected. A few are maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission or by church bodies, and the rest have been encroached on or lost.