The calendar print

The image most Sikhs have of the Gurus, of the Sahibzade, of Baba Deep Singh Ji and of the martyrdoms comes from cheap colour prints sold at shrines and given away by shops as calendars.

The imagery was largely fixed between the 1930s and the 1970s by a small number of painters, Sobha Singh above all, and by the Amritsar print workshops.

It is the most widely distributed art in Punjab by an enormous margin. It hangs in houses, shops, tractors, trucks and offices in every district and across the diaspora.

It is also entirely modern, imagined, and doctrinally awkward in a tradition that did not depict its Gurus.

Nobody has collected it, dated it or attributed it systematically. The painters of most of the prints in circulation are unknown and the plates are in private hands or lost.

A complete visual culture, universally recognised, produced within living memory, is uncatalogued.

The calendar print is the dominant visual culture of Sikh households: the Gurus, the Sahibzade, the martyrdoms, all in a style descended from Sobha Singh and the Amritsar print shops.

The images are recent. There is no contemporary portrait of any Guru, and what circulates is a twentieth century iconography made fixed by repetition.

The prints are made in Amritsar and Delhi and sold at every shrine. Nobody has catalogued them, dated them or identified their artists, which is a straightforward piece of work that nobody has done.

What we don't know

  • The attribution and dating of most popular Sikh prints.

Where to check this

Named but not linked. These are real, findable documents. This project has not consulted them for this page.

  • No specific document is named for this page.

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 29 accounts in What the Hands Made, the chapter of this site covering the crafts, the buildings and the objects.