The Sikh Reference Library

The Sikh Reference Library was housed within the Golden Temple complex and held manuscripts, hukamnamas bearing the Gurus' signatures, rare printed books, and the records of the Sikh institutions.

It was lost during Operation Blue Star in June 1984. Accounts differ as to whether it burned during the fighting or was removed by the army afterward. The army has at various times acknowledged taking material and returning some of it.

Partial returns were made in the 1980s and 1990s. What was returned, what was destroyed and what remains held has never been fully accounted for. The SGPC has asked repeatedly and received partial answers.

Estimates of the number of manuscripts lost run into the thousands, including handwritten birs and correspondence from the eighteenth century.

It is the largest single loss of Sikh documentary heritage in modern times and there is no agreed inventory of what was in the building on the day.

It held manuscripts, hukamnamas, rare books, photographs and the papers of the Singh Sabha and Akali movements, built up over decades inside the complex.

It was destroyed in June 1984. Material was removed by the army before the fire, and the question of what was taken, what was returned and what was lost has never been resolved.

Items have been handed back in batches over the decades since. There is no published inventory of what the library held, which means the loss cannot be measured.

What we don't know

  • What was in the library, what was destroyed, and what is still held. None of these is established.

Where to check this

  1. SGPC statements and correspondence on the Sikh Reference Library. Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee ↗

Named but not linked. These are real, findable documents. This project has not consulted them for this page.

  • Contemporary and subsequent reporting on the returns of material.

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 220 accounts in When the Water Went, the chapter of this site covering Punjab since 1947: land, water, debt and everything after.