Mir Mannu's years

Muin-ul-Mulk, called Mir Mannu, was governor of Lahore from 1748 to 1753 and conducted the most systematic of the campaigns against the Sikhs. A price was set on every head brought in.

Sikh women and children were held at Lahore in what the tradition calls Mannu's jail. The accounts describe grinding stones set to impossible daily quotas, and children killed in front of their mothers.

The Punjabi couplet from the period runs: ਮੰਨੂ ਅਸਾਡੀ ਦਾਤਰੀ, ਅਸੀਂ ਮੰਨੂ ਦੇ ਸੋਏ, Mannu is our sickle and we are his crop, the more he cuts the more we grow. It is a folk verse and it circulated widely enough to be recorded by his own administration.

He died in 1753 after a fall from a horse.

Gurdwara Shahid Ganj Singhania at Lahore commemorates the period. The site was the subject of a long communal dispute in the 1930s that went to the Privy Council.

Muin ul Mulk governed Lahore from 1748 to 1753 and his campaign against the Sikhs was the most systematic of the century. Prices were set on heads and the countryside was swept.

The couplet that survives from those years says that Mannu is our sickle and we are his fodder, and the more he cuts the more we grow. It was made by the people being cut.

The women and children taken in those years were held at Lahore, and the Ardas commemorates them. The site is at Lahore and has its own long and disputed history.

What we don't know

  • Numbers held and killed at Lahore in this period, which are not recorded on either side.

Where to check this

  1. Rattan Singh Bhangu, Prachin Panth Prakash. Rattan Singh Bhangu, Prachin Panth Prakash (Internet Archive) ↗

Named but not linked. These are real, findable documents. This project has not consulted them for this page.

  • Persian accounts of the governorship of Muin-ul-Mulk.

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 67 accounts in The Khalsa Raj, the chapter of this site covering the eighteenth century, from Banda Singh Bahadur Ji to the misls.