Shah Hussain

Shah Hussain was a weaver's son of Lahore who became a Sufi of the Qadri order and wrote kafis in Punjabi. He is the earliest of the great Punjabi Sufi poets after Baba Farid Ji.

He is known as Madho Lal Hussain because of his attachment to Madho Lal, a young Brahmin of Shahdara. The two are buried in the same tomb at Baghbanpura in Lahore, and the annual Mela Chiraghan, the festival of lights, is held there.

He wrote as a woman, in the voice of a woman at the spinning wheel, waiting, which became the standard voice of Punjabi Sufi verse and passed into the folk song.

His refrain, ਮਾਏ ਨੀ ਮੈਂ ਕਿਨੂੰ ਆਖਾਂ, mother, who shall I tell, is one of the best known lines in the language.

The Mela Chiraghan was for centuries one of the largest gatherings in Punjab and was held inside the Shalimar Gardens until the 1950s.

He was a weaver's son of Lahore who took to the Qadiri path and then broke with respectable practice entirely, and the kafis he left are among the foundations of Punjabi poetry.

The name Madho Lal Hussain comes from his attachment to Madho, and the two are buried together at Baghbanpura in Lahore.

The Mela Chiraghan, the festival of lights, is held at the shrine each spring and was for a long period the largest fair in Lahore.

What we don't know

  • The nature of the relationship with Madho Lal, which Punjabi tradition treats without embarrassment and modern commentary handles unevenly.

Where to check this

Named but not linked. These are real, findable documents. This project has not consulted them for this page.

  • Standard editions of Shah Hussain's kafis.
  • Accounts of the Mela Chiraghan at Lahore.

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 65 accounts in Before the Gurus, the chapter of this site covering the region before 1469, from the Indus cities to the Lodhis.