A got is a clan name. Sidhu, Sandhu, Gill, Brar, Dhillon, Randhawa, Bains, Cheema, Virk, Sekhon, Grewal, Aulakh, Chahal, Kang, Hundal, Dhaliwal, Mann, Sohi, Sahota, Bal, Dosanjh, Bhullar, Sran, Toor.
It governs marriage. Punjabi village exogamy rules bar marriage within one's own got, within the mother's got, and in strict practice within the father's mother's and mother's mother's gots as well, and also within the village. Four gots and a village are excluded, which pushes marriage a long way out.
That rule is why a Punjabi bride comes from another village and why the doli songs are what they are. It is also why village populations are related to each other in a specific pattern that a genealogist could map and nobody has.
Most gots have a founding tradition naming a man, usually Rajput, usually medieval, usually with a migration attached. These traditions were written down in the colonial period from what people said, and they are claims about status as much as records of descent.
The got appears in a Punjabi name as a third element after Singh or Kaur, which is exactly what the 1699 naming was meant to remove. It came back and it is universal.
Village names very often carry a got: a village founded by a Gill family is a Gill village and its people will tell you so in the first minute.
The got is the exogamous clan and it is inherited from the father, and the rule is that a marriage may not be within it, nor in strict practice within the gots of either grandmother.
That rule is what makes a Punjabi village exogamous as a unit, because a village founded by one got is full of people related through it. Marriage therefore always goes outside the village.
The got is shared across religion. Sikh, Hindu and Muslim Jats of the same got exist and knew they were related, and 1947 divided people who carried the same clan name.