Mann, Aulakh, Chahal, Dhaliwal

Mann is a Jat got found across the Malwa and in Pakistani Punjab, and it has been prominent in Punjab politics.

Aulakh, Chahal and Dhaliwal are large Malwa gots. Dhaliwal villages are concentrated around Ferozepur, Moga and Ludhiana. Chahal is found in the Majha and the Malwa both.

Each of these names is a village name somewhere in Punjab, and often several: Mann, Mannawala, Aulakh, Chahal Kalan, Dhaliwal Kalan.

The Punjabi convention of naming a village after the got of the family that founded or dominates it means the village directory of Punjab is also a distribution map of clans.

In the diaspora these surnames identify Punjabi origin instantly and, to another Punjabi, identify a district within about two guesses.

Got is the exogamous clan name, and the rule that a marriage may not be within the got, and in strict practice not within the gots of either grandmother, is what governs which villages a village can marry into. That is the practical reason the gots matter and the reason they are known precisely.

The distribution of a got across the map is a record of movement. Where a name is dense in one tract and thin elsewhere, the dense tract is generally the older settlement and the scatter is the record of families that moved out and founded elsewhere.

Almost none of this is written down. The knowledge is held by families and by the marriage networks that use it, and the only systematic record of got distribution is in the colonial settlement reports, compiled for revenue and recruitment and now a century old.

What we don't know

  • Nothing central.

Where to check this

  1. Census village directories for Punjab. Census of India 2011 - Punjab district census handbooks ↗
  2. Colonial ethnographic surveys. Punjab district gazetteers and settlement reports (Internet Archive) ↗

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 120 accounts in The Village Itself, the chapter of this site covering how a Punjabi village works and what it holds.