Truck art

Punjabi trucks are painted. Panels, mudflaps, tailgates and cab interiors carry landscapes, peacocks, eyes against the evil eye, portraits of the Gurus or of film actors, and written couplets on the back.

The couplets are a genre. They are aimed at the driver behind, they are usually rhymed, often boastful, often mournful, and occasionally very good. Horn please, Buri nazar wale tera muh kala, and a long tail of two-line verses about mothers, distance, money and death.

The Pakistani side developed the more elaborate version, with hammered metal, reflective tape and full sculptural extensions, particularly at Rawalpindi and Karachi. The Indian Punjabi version is flatter and more text-heavy.

It is done by painters working in yards on the highway, usually without any training, learned by apprenticeship, and paid by the panel.

It is the largest body of public art in Punjab and none of it is collected, photographed systematically or credited to anyone.

The work is done at body-building shops in enamel on sheet metal, with the design fixed by convention: the eye motifs, the couplets on the tailboard, the horn on the roof, the chains under the bumper.

The couplets are the text of it. They are proverbs, warnings, jokes and lines of verse, and they are the most widely read Punjabi poetry in the region.

The Pakistani version is more elaborate and better documented. On the Indian side the tradition has thinned as fleets moved to standardised bodies and company liveries.

What we don't know

  • The painters. Almost none of them is named anywhere in print.

Where to check this

Named but not linked. These are real, findable documents. This project has not consulted them for this page.

  • Published photographic surveys of South Asian truck decoration.
  • Field reporting on Punjabi truck painting.

This page has not yet been read through by the editor. Treat it with more caution than the rest.

How this page was written. The text is compiled from the standard published histories and reference works, not from a document held in hand. Nobody from this project has visited the place or read the archive. The list above is where a reader can go to check it, not a record of what was consulted line by line. Dates and figures are the received account. If you hold something better, write in and it will be corrected.

This is one of 29 accounts in What the Hands Made, the chapter of this site covering the crafts, the buildings and the objects.